Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by multiple factors and belongs to endocrine diseases. my country is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world. It is estimated that there are more than 100 million diabetics in my country, and the incidence is still increasing year by year. If it is not controlled, it will cause a series of serious complications, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, kidney, nerve, eye and so on.
Diabetes and its complications are mainly manifested in: hyperglycemia is its most important manifestation, and it is also the pathological basis that causes damage to various tissues and organs in the body; hyperglycemia is the comprehensive result of long-term effects of various risk factors; Obvious symptoms and difficult to detect, until a series of clinical manifestations of widespread damage to various systems of the body appear, it will cause serious damage and life-threatening.
What are the complications of diabetes?
1. Vascular abnormalities: Atherosclerosis is one of the most common complications.
2. Cardiovascular diseases: Diabetic patients are prone to myocardial infarction, stroke , heart failure and arrhythmia, and are at risk of ischemic heart disease and coronary heart disease . As well as lower extremity arterial disease , lower extremity ulcers are prone to appear in the later stage , that is, " diabetic foot ".
3. Kidney disease: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common chronic complications, and it is also a serious public health problem that threatens health. One-third of patients have already developed kidney disease at the time of diagnosis.
4. Eye neuropathy: High blood sugar can lead to retinopathy, cataract, etc. About 50% of women over the age of 40 suffer from eye diseases , and severe cases lead to blindness.
5. Fatty liver: About 20% to 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes will develop fatty liver.
6. Peripheral neuropathy: mostly occurs in the lower limbs, often accompanied by hypoesthesia, unsteady walking and other symptoms.
7. Brain lesions : Cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral thrombosis are prone to occur , and the risk of recurrence is extremely high. There may be positioning signs such as aphasia, mental changes, and limb paralysis. Accompanied by brain atrophy, mental decline, poor memory, and unresponsiveness can be manifested.
8. Other lesions: such as skin infection and itching (drug eruption) .
Therefore, blood sugar testing should be carried out regularly from a young age; if blood sugar rises, hypoglycemic treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor; adhere to regular use of hypoglycemic drugs and a low blood sugar diet.
Dietary principles and life suggestions for diabetic patients :
1. Appropriately control fat intake and maintain ideal body weight ; appropriately increase protein intake and limit salt intake .
2. Eat more cellulose-rich foods, such as various vegetables and fruits , which are beneficial to prevent various complications caused by high blood sugar; eat fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat in moderation; avoid fried and fried foods ; Do not eat or eat less fatty meat and lard, eat less animal offal and egg yolks with high cholesterol.
3. Diabetic patients should drink less alcohol so as not to increase the burden on the heart;
4. Diabetic patients should insist on taking medicine for a long time. Generally, after 1 to 2 years of treatment, the blood sugar is stable at a normal level, and when the condition is stable, the drug can be gradually reduced or stopped according to the condition. For those with severe complications or those who cannot adhere to long-term treatment, drugs can be used to control it within the necessary range.
5. For diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, peripheral neuropathy, etc., in addition to paying attention to blood sugar control, they should also cooperate with lipid-lowering treatment and strengthen physical exercise.
6. Diabetic patients should see a doctor in time if they find themselves with skin itching, foot ulcers and other symptoms.
7. Maintain optimism and avoid mental stress.
8. Supplement various trace elements: such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc.;
The above are some life suggestions for diabetic patients. The diagnosis and treatment of diabetes still has a long way to go in the world. To improve people's awareness and vigilance of diabetes and improve the effect of diagnosis and treatment still requires the joint efforts of both doctors and patients and the whole society .